The Swiss Guard at a glance
The Pontifical Swiss Guard is the Pope's personal guard and the army of Vatican City. Pope Julius II hired the first contingent of Swiss soldiers in 1506, at a time when Swiss mercenaries were known as the best infantry in Europe. It is often called the oldest standing army in the world still in service.
The guards protect the Pope and his residence, control the entrances to Vatican City and serve at papal ceremonies. Their colourful uniforms are for ceremonial duty. In the background, they are trained in modern security work.
The Sack of Rome and the 6 May oath
The defining moment in the Guard's history came on 6 May 1527, when troops of Emperor Charles V stormed Rome. Most of the Swiss Guards died defending the Pope on the steps of St. Peter's, while a small group escorted Clement VII along the Passetto di Borgo to safety in Castel Sant'Angelo.
In memory of that day, new recruits take their oath every year on 6 May. Each recruit raises three fingers of his right hand, a symbol of the Holy Trinity, and swears to protect the Pope and his successors, if necessary with his life. In 2026 the ceremony took place in the Paul VI Audience Hall. It is not a public event, but you may see the guards in full parade dress around the Vatican on that day.
Who can join the Swiss Guard?
The requirements have changed little in decades.
Swiss and Catholic
Recruits must be Swiss citizens and practising Catholic men.
Age and height
Usually between 19 and 30 years old and at least 174 cm tall.
Military training
Candidates must have completed basic training in the Swiss army.
Service
The minimum commitment is about two years. Most guards then return to Switzerland, some stay on for a career.
Vatican tours
See the Vatican the Swiss Guards protect: guided tours of St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Museums, with live prices and availability.
The uniform: not by Michelangelo
A popular story says Michelangelo designed the striped uniform. He did not. The gala uniform you see today was designed in the early 20th century by the Guard's commander Jules Repond, who drew inspiration from Renaissance frescoes, including those of Raphael. The blue, red and yellow stripes are usually linked to the family colours of the della Rovere and Medici popes.
With it come the black beret for everyday duty, a plumed morion helmet for ceremonies and the halberd, a medieval pole weapon that the guards still carry at their posts. For daily security work they wear a simple blue uniform.
Where to see the Swiss Guard
You will not need a ticket. These are the posts closest to where visitors walk.
Arch of the Bells
To the left of St. Peter's Basilica, the Arco delle Campane is one of the most photographed guard posts.
Bronze Door
Under the right-hand colonnade, the main entrance to the Apostolic Palace. Papal audience tickets are handed out here.
Papal audience →St. Anne's Gate
The Porta Sant'Anna on Via di Porta Angelica is the everyday entrance for Vatican residents and staff.
Papal ceremonies
At papal Masses and audiences, guards in full dress line the steps and the square.
Papal Masses →Swiss Guard: frequently asked questions
Why does the Vatican have a Swiss Guard?
Because Pope Julius II hired Swiss mercenaries in 1506, when they were considered the best soldiers in Europe. The tradition has continued ever since.
Did Michelangelo design the Swiss Guard uniform?
No. The current uniform was designed in the early 20th century by commander Jules Repond, inspired by Renaissance art.
Can you take photos of the Swiss Guards?
Yes, from a respectful distance. They are on duty, so do not block their post or ask them to pose.
How many Swiss Guards are there?
Around 135. The Guard was enlarged to this size in 2018.